Varicose veins are a pathological process that is characterized by an increase in the lumen of the blood vessels that provide blood output, thinning of their walls and deformation until the formation of nodes and ruptures. For anatomical reasons, the disease is most often found in the veins of the lower extremities.
External signs of varicose veins are not an exceptionally aesthetic problem: "vascular" stars, projecting a dark shadow - only symptoms of blood circulation disorders, which are full of threatening consequences of life.
The mechanism of the development of varicose veins in the legs
The varicose vein development mechanism is associated with a decrease in the functionality of the venous valves. They are subject to large mechanical loads; Therefore, under the influence of genetic factors, hormonal heels, inflammation in the tissues of the lower ends and loads, weaken and do not prevent the opposite flow of the blood. Inflammation occurs against the background of stagnant phenomena associated with high blood viscosity, hypodinamia or prolonged stays in standing or sitting position.
The pressure from excessive blood volume on the veins walls deform them, depriving the functionality of the nervous muscle and venous wall, which provide their stable tone. The stagnation of the blood, excellent from blood vessels and the inflammation of its walls usually lead to the formation of accumulations of blood cells, which overlap with the lumen of the veins.
Varicose veins in the legs, therefore, are not a superficial problem associated with mechanical damage to the subcutaneous vessel or temporary phenomena, but a deeper circulatory disorder that developed in the patient prone to disease under the influence of risk factors.
Drug therapy of the disease is intended for:
- Toning the walls of the blood vessels;
- Removal of inflammation;
- Blood liquefaction;
- Prevention of blood clots.
In the absence of proper treatment, which is dangerous to the varicose veins of the lower ends can come true for each of the patients with this disease.
In 80% of cases, women suffer from varicose veins in the legs. The main thing that is dangerous varicose veins in women is the likelihood of early development of the disease due to hormonal heels during puberty or pregnancy. During fetus bearing, only soft therapy is possible that it does not have the teratogenic effect. Additional leg load, lack of intensive treatment and load during attempts can stimulate the worsening of the disease.
What threatens varicose veins?
As a rule, thrombophlebitis and other dangerous consequences of varicose veins occur in the third stage of venous insufficiency. Symptoms of final stages of vascular impairment:
- constant gravity in the legs;
- swelling;
- The darkening of the skin in the ankle area.
Dermatitis, eczema and inflammation of the skin cause violation of blood circulation in the limbs.
Telengiectasia is the least dangerous consequence of venous insufficiency. The condition is characterized by the appearance of "networks" and vascular stars, which are accompanied by edema, leg fatigue, the regular occurrence of a feeling of numbness and nocturnal seizures in caviar. The aesthetic defect is one of the reasons why women often resort to the phlebologist in the early stages of varicose veins. In an effort to save the beautiful legs, patients care about their health.
Subcutaneous bleeding and vein gaps
Thrombophlebitis - Thrombosis against the bottom of venous wall inflammation and stagnation in the blood in an expanded vase. The disease developed is characterized by compaction and pain of palpation (probing) of the affected vessel, as well as the redness of the skin around the thrombus. Thrombophlebitis develops about 25% of patients who diagnosed varicose veins. Blood clots in the surface veins have a low risk of separation with health damage, however, if it promotes a blood clot along a subcutaneous or perforated vessel, immediate hospitalization is required.
Deep thrombosis is much more dangerous than varicose veins and thrombophlebitis. The blood clots formed in deep vessels of the lower ends are capable of separation and clogging of the pulmonary artery, which leads to death. The characteristic symptoms of deep venous thrombosis are severe member edema that occurs in a short time and marked pain in the calf or femoral muscle. The dissemination of the pathological process for deep vessels of the lower ends can be observed in the posterior stages of varicose veins.
A trophic ulcer is a deep dermis defect that forms in the posterior stages due to the harmed blood flow in the superficial layers of the skin. It represents a long painful wound, which is difficult to give in to therapy.
Varicose veins from the lower extremities is one of the risk factors in the development of such pathology in other vessels of the small pelvis of men and women.
Medical measures against the consequences of varicose veins
The treatment of complications of varicose veins in the legs, as a rule, begins with drug therapy for primary disease.
To reduce the deformation of blood vessels, which expand due to a decrease in tone, are prescribed venotonic based on hesperidine, diosmine, sorting, etc.
With inflammation of the venous walls, the drugs are prescribed from the group of non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets and gels. The oral reception of anti -inflammatory drugs is recommended for thrombophlebitis.
A decrease in blood viscosity is achieved using the local use of ointments with anticoagulant components and oral intake of routine and methylxanthin derivatives, which have antiagantami properties.
Surface manifestations of varicose veins in the legs (including tenngiectasia) are eliminated by sclerotherapy (gluing the affected vessel walls using a special medicine). The procedure does not cause significant health damage and does not violate blood flow, because during rehabilitation, the function of surface veins crosses deep vessels.
With deep venous thrombosis, bed rest is prescribed, intravenous anticoagulants and anti -chartered administration with blood viscosity control. Surgical treatment for deep vessel thrombose and thrombophlebitis (including large subcutaneous veins) is indicated if there is a high risk of pulmonary artery blockade. Treatment of trophic ulcers aims to stimulate wound healing and primary disease therapy.
Preventive measures
Prevention of varicose vein complications includes the following measures:
- wearing compression linen;
- Physical Education of Physiotherapy;
- exclusion of a long session and standing;
- The choice of shoes with a jump is 2, 5 to 6 cm;
- Fiber diet enrichment and vitamin sources B1, C, and and P;
- compliance with the water standard (2, 5 L);
- contrasting water procedures;
- The rejection of hormonal contraceptives (the effect of COC on the female body includes increasing the risk of thrombosis);
- Folk methods (compresses, baths, etc. ).
Early diagnosis of varicose veins, proper treatment and a decrease in the effect of risk factors prevent the development of complications of the disease. The use of minimally invasive surgical methods, in some cases, eliminates not only aesthetic problems, but also the likelihood of worsening the pathological process.